The Anti-Erythropoietin Antibody Test is used to detect antibodies that target erythropoietin, the natural hormone responsible for stimulating red blood cell production in the bone marrow. This test is primarily recommended for individuals receiving recombinant erythropoietin therapy, especially those who develop unexpected anemia or resistance to treatment. The presence of these antibodies can lead to a rare but serious condition known as pure red cell aplasia (PRCA), where the body stops producing red blood cells. Early detection through this test helps guide treatment adjustments and prevent further complications.