A Pap smear is a quick and essential screening test used to detect abnormal cell growth in the cervix, which could lead to cervical cancer if left untreated. The test works by collecting a sample of cells from the cervix, which is then examined for any changes. The Pap smear is effective at identifying precancerous changes and HPV infections, which are known to cause cervical cancer. Regular screenings, typically every three years, are vital for women to maintain cervical health and catch potential problems before they become serious.